Fundamentals of Electricity
Electricity is a natural force that comes into existence
whenever there is a flow of electric charge between any two components. When
working with circuits, there is a need for the users to be aware of some of the
basic concepts of electricity otherwise wrong connection in a circuit may high
damage to people and the circuit components
1-CURRENT
- When electrons inside any material move, flow of electricity takes place. This flow is called current
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The flow of electrons through a wire is similar to the flow of water through a pipe. The water current is the number of molecules flowing past a fixed point. Similarly, electrical current is the amount of charge flowing past a fixed point.
2-Voltage
- Voltage is the potential difference between a negatively charged component and a component with positive charge
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In an electrical circuit, the current flows only when there is a voltage source. Voltage is the force pushing electrons through the wire
2-Power (P)
- Electric Power is the rate at which electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit
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The electric power produced by an electric
current I consisting of a charge of Q coulombs every t seconds passing through
an electric potential (voltage)
Deference of V is P=work done per unit time =VQ/t=VI
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v Electric power is usually produced by electric generators but can also be supplied by sources such as electric batteries and is usually measured in kilowatt
- Electric utilities measure power using an electricity meter which keeps a running total of the electric energy delivered to a customer
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3-Energy (E)
- If the electrical power is the rate or speed of work done ,then electrical energy is the total electric energy is the total amount of work done in a given time period
- If the electrical power of electrical appliance and duration of its usage to determine electrical use the following equation